墨家學派與亞里士多德的邏輯學比較

[摘要]

　　墨子與亞里士多德幾乎是同時代的哲學家，雖然生活在不同的文化歷史背景下，但是他們的邏輯學著作有共同的目的，即“將以明是非之分，審治亂之紀，明同異之處，察名實之理，處利害，決嫌疑。”《墨子·小取》。兩個哲學家都創造了自己的邏輯系統為了達到這個目標，都在不同程度上進行了邏輯的系統化并實現了邏輯的形式化。兩個系統是從不同的角度著手的，也有著不同的重點。兩個邏輯系統的同異是受了歷史的影響而產生的，也決定了該系統對各自后來的歷史文化的不同影響。亞里士多德把古希臘先進的科學思想借用于他的系統建立了一門新的科學，而墨子則把辯論的方式系統化并創造了辯論與科學證明的工具。

[Abstract]

Mozi and Aristotle were philosophers of the same period; despite different cultural and historical circumstances, they both produced logical treatises with a common purpose: “Distinguish true from false, establish the rules governing order and disorder, clarify similarities and differences, find the connection between name and reality, manage gain and loss, and resolve doubts.” (Mozi, xiaoqu). Both philosophers created systems of logic to reach this objective, and to different degrees both achieved the formalization of logic. The two systems of logic approach the problem from different angles, and concentrate on different areas. The similarities and differences between the two systems not only arose as the result of historical conditions, but also determined the influence of the two systems on the development of western and Chinese culture. Aristotle used Ancient Greece’s advanced scientific theory to create a new science of logic, while Mozi systemized debating to create a tool for both debate and scientific proof.

[關鍵詞]　亞里士多德、墨子、墨家學派、墨經、邏輯學