墨家学派与亚里士多德的逻辑学比较

[摘要]

　　墨子与亚里士多德几乎是同时代的哲学家，虽然生活在不同的文化历史背景下，但是他们的逻辑学着作有共同的目的，即“将以明是非之分，审治乱之纪，明同异之处，察名实之理，处利害，决嫌疑。”《墨子·小取》。两个哲学家都创造了自己的逻辑系统为了达到这个目标，都在不同程度上进行了逻辑的系统化并实现了逻辑的形式化。两个系统是从不同的角度着手的，也有着不同的重点。两个逻辑系统的同异是受了历史的影响而产生的，也决定了该系统对各自后来的历史文化的不同影响。亚里士多德把古希腊先进的科学思想借用于他的系统建立了一门新的科学，而墨子则把辩论的方式系统化并创造了辩论与科学证明的工具。

[Abstract]

Mozi and Aristotle were philosophers of the same period; despite different cultural and historical circumstances, they both produced logical treatises with a common purpose: “Distinguish true from false, establish the rules governing order and disorder, clarify similarities and differences, find the connection between name and reality, manage gain and loss, and resolve doubts.” (Mozi, xiaoqu). Both philosophers created systems of logic to reach this objective, and to different degrees both achieved the formalization of logic. The two systems of logic approach the problem from different angles, and concentrate on different areas. The similarities and differences between the two systems not only arose as the result of historical conditions, but also determined the influence of the two systems on the development of western and Chinese culture. Aristotle used Ancient Greece’s advanced scientific theory to create a new science of logic, while Mozi systemized debating to create a tool for both debate and scientific proof.

[关键词]　亚里士多德、墨子、墨家学派、墨经、逻辑学